基础写作一、二
第一部分：写作的任务
遣词造句 Language 审题 Task Management 确定主题、立意 Idea 谋篇布局 Organization
第二部分：文章的组成
词汇及词法 Word 语法 Grammar 引题部分 Opening 理由主题 Topic Sentence 理由支持 Supporting Sent. 总结部分 Conclusion 建议部分 Suggestion 问题 观点
*注释： 理由主题 + 理由支持 通常称为理由段
总结部分 + 建议部分 通常作为结尾段
*写文章的难点：思路（理由）的找寻以及如何将想法转化为语言（流畅连贯的表达出来）
第三部分: 表达观点的句型
（一）功能：这类句型通常用于文章的开头表明态度、展示不同的观点、以及在文章的末尾处重申主题。
（二）语言：
类1 -- 直接表达观点
I think/believe/hold that，
I would point out that,
It seems quite clear to me that,
In my opinion,
In my part,
As for me,
In/From my point of view,
As far as I am able to judge,
As far as I am concerned,
练习：一些人认为，有时钱比生命更重要，因为没有钱就没有了一切，包括：舒适的生活以及社会地位。
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类2 -- 表示对一个观点的同意
I absolutely agree to/with the argument.
I could not agree more to/with the opinion.
I would go along with this point of view.
I am for that idea.
I vote for this proposal.
That is exactly how I see it.
练习：“社会上的一些人认为健康比财富更重要。”我完全同意这种观点。
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类3 表示对一个观点的不同意:
I disagree to/with it.
I am against that idea.
I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis.
I doubt whether the argument can hold water.
练习：“社会上的一些人认为财务比健康更重要。”我完全不同意这种观点。
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类4 -- 从两个观点中选择一个:
I absolutely agree to/with the former opinion.
I could not agree more to/with the latter opinion.
I would go along with the former one.
I am for the latter solution.
I vote for the former.
I vote for the latter.
Others, including/like me, hold that
练习：有人认为健康重要，另一些人认为财富重要。与后者相比，我更同意前者的意见。
_________________________________________________________________________________第四部分、引出问题的方法
（一）功能：引出问题的目的是为使得读者最准确地了解讨论的问题，换而言之就是“开门见山”。
（二）语言：
方法一、直接引题及双方观点
常用语言：
①当谈到……问题时，人们持有不同的观点。一些人认为……；而另一些人认为……
When it comes to the question of …, opinions vary from people to people. Some people say that…, while others believe that…
②当谈到…….问题时，一些人表示……，但另一些人反对他们的看法。他们认为这些单纯甚至是有些幼稚的想法是终将通过实践的检验消失掉。因此，他们主张……
As far as the question of… is concerned, some people hold that…, however others oppose their argument, because they believe that the simple and even naïve will eventually be undermined via practice. As a result, they claim that…
③关于……问题，一些人常认为……；然而，另一些人提出……。他们的看起来各有道理，但却相互很难妥协。
In terms of…, some people tend to suppose that…, whereas others hold that…. Both sides sounds reasonable from different angles, but hard to make agreement.
练习题目：
关于电脑是否是上一个世纪的伟大发明这一问题时，一些人认为它是最伟大的发明之一；但是另一些人表示它也给人类带来了很多麻烦。我同意前者的意见。
_________________________________________________________________________________方法二、社会问题引题
常用语言：
①现在，…… 问题很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外他们还（而且）……
Nowadays, … is widely spread. Some people are in favor of it, because …. Additionally they also…
②已成为人们关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
has become a heated topic by the people. Especially in teens, it will arise to a fierce debate.
③在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。它在给我们带来很多好处的同时，也不可避免的引发一些相关的问题如……, 这些都已经引起了人们的广泛注意。
plays an increasingly important role in our daily life. Inevitably, it poses several risks related, which inflict people’s attention, while it bring many benefits.
练习题目：
现在，很多人将金钱看作是生活中最重要的目标。因为他们说钱会带来富足的生活，较高的社会地位，甚至是幸福。他们甚至还说，没有钱，我们将一无所有。
_________________________________________________________________________________方法三、名人名言引题
常用语言：
①俗话说（常言道），……，它是我们前辈的经验，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
As popular saying goes, “...”, which is valuable experience of our ancestors. However, it is also available in many occasions so far.
②正如中国人常说的一样，……, 不仅适用于……，也同样适合于……问题上。
As a Chinese proverb says, “…”. It is not only suitable for…, but also used to do the question of…
③一句至理名言说，“知识就是力量”。在如此竞争激烈的社会里，没有知识就等于一无所有。
Wisdom says, “Knowledge is power.” In such a competitive society, knowledge means everything.
练习题目：
正如人们常说的，“人无完人，金无足赤。”这个世界上，很难找到完美的事物，但是不断追求美的事物却是人们的天性。因此，年轻人应该被鼓励在学习上和工作上不断努力和奋斗。
_________________________________________________________________________________方法四、通过媒体了解
常用语言：
①根据一篇被刊登在…..报纸上的文章，我们发现……问题非常值得关注。
According to an article issued by “…” Newspaper, we can find that … is worth of considering.
②最近，在…报纸上的一篇文章引起了人们广泛的关注。这篇名为……的文章揭示给人们一个非常明显的启示：…
Lately, an article in a “…” newspaper attracts from people’s wide attention. In fact, the one called “…” uncovers a remarkable sign:
练习题目：
“深圳青年”的一篇名为“夺命之物”的短文之后引起了社会的很大反响。人们纷纷加入讨论“钱”到底带给了我们什么，财富还是不幸。”
_________________________________________________________________________________第五部分、找出原因的句型
常用语言：
①毫无疑问的，主要的原因之一是……
No doubt, one of major/ main/ factors is that …
②我对于某种观点的倾向的第二个理由是……
The second reason for my propensity for … is that …
③同意这个观点的另一个原因是…
Another reason why I voice the support for … is that …
练习题目：
毫无疑问，出国旅游的不断增长的原因之一是由于中国国民的收入不断地增加，并且他们有强烈的了解外面世界的愿望。
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第六部分、描述解决方案句型
范例文章：
One of the most challenging problems of today’s society is the question who should be responsible for our old people. It’s not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want our society to have. In my essay, I would like to present four possible models.
Firstly, the company could be responsible for its retired employees. For this reason a special fund could be established. The advantage of this model is, if you belief in the capitalist system, that it should be the cheapest solution. One possible problem is that the companies might have competition disadvantage due to higher staff costs.
A second solution is that the government has to take the responsibility for the old people’s care. It can finance this with its tax incomes. Actually, this is the most democratic model since everybody gets as much money as he or she needs. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this solution seems not to work very well. The government can no longer afford supporting all the old peoples.
Another ways of solving the problem is to give back the responsibility to the individual. That means that everybody has to save money during their working life for the live after their retirement. This seems to be not a very fair model because their will certainly exist people who can’t afford to save part of their salary. In this case, the government would have to care for them.
A last solution is to go back to the old model of the “big family who cares for all their members. I don’t think this is possible in our days society because the family structures have so much changed.
To sum up, I have to admit that I can’t find a really good solution for this problem. All models have both advantages and disadvantages. Certainly we have to think about this topic much more in the future.
练习题目：
解决人们健康问题的第一种解决方案是提供更多的医疗咨询和专家的健康建议。
_________________________________________________________________________________第七部分、图表描述（趋势、比较）
1、总结句型
1) The (chart, curve, graph, diagram, picture, table, and figure) shows…
(替换词：suggest, describe, reveal, compare, uncover, summarise, illustrate)
2) It can be seen from (…) that…
3) We can see from (…) that…
4) It is quite clear/obvious/apparent/evident from (…) that…
2、名词的形式
the levels of crime crime levels the sale of computers computer sale
the population of Australia Australian population the percentage of families in poverty family-in-poverty percentage
3、描述时间
1) at/ in/on/by/until (at
2) from 1979 to 1999 (between 1979 and 1999)
3) for / for the period of / during the period of / over the duration of + 几年
4、描述趋势的变化（随时间或其他）
1) increase/climb/grow/rise jump/shoot up/rocket/soar
（名词 increase/growth/climb jump/soar）
2) decrease/decline/be reduced fall/drop/plunge/sink
（名词decrease/decline/reduction fall/drop）
3) fluctuate between A and B/fluctuate from A to B -- A: the lowest point; B: the highest
（名词have(has, had) a fluctuation between 900 units and 1,000units）
4) stay/keep/remain/maintain + constant/the same/unchanged/stable/steady + at 1,000 units
（名词level off/level out + at 1,000 units）
5) fast/rapidly/speedily/drastically/dramatically/surprisingly/amazingly
（形容词fast/rapid/speedy/significant/surprising/amazing）
6) gradually/moderately/slow/slowly/slightly/steadily
（形容词gradual/moderate/slow/slight/steady）
5、描述趋势变化的常用句型（4种）
1) Overseas Tourists to
2) The number of overseas tourists to NA had/lasted for a sharp increase between 1958 and 1999.
3) A sharp increase was witness in the number of overseas tourists to NA over 41 years to 1999.
4) There was a sharp increase in overseas-tourist numbers to NA for 41 years to 1999.
6、趋势中描述最值（最大、最小）
1) In 1998, the population of traveling abroad reached its top/peak/the highest point/tip at 50,000.
2) By 2010, the population of traveling abroad from
3) In 1995, the population of
4) It is projected to Australian population bottomed at 20,000,000.
7、趋势中的倍数描述
1) The sale of luxuries doubled from the end of 1990 to 1999 early.
2) The sale of luxuries increased thrice/three times/three-fold from the end of 1990 to 1999 early.
3) The sale of luxuries increased to (up to) thrice from the end of 1990 to 1999 early.
4) A three-fold increase was seen in the sale of luxuries from the end of 1990 to 1999 early.
5) There was a three-fold increase in the sale of luxuries from the end of 1990 to 1999 early.
8、描述比较的常用句型
1) In managerial position the number of the male is obviously more than that of the female.
2) In managerial position, the company owned more men than women.
3) A greater/larger + number/percentage/proportion of men than that of women were found in executive jobs.
（a smaller number/percentage/proportion of men than that of women were seen in executive jobs.）
4) There are more men in executive jobs than women.
5) The number/percentage/proportion of men who are employed in executive jobs is much/slightly large than that of women working in the same occupations.
9、比较中描述最值（最大、最小）
1) Among 6 nations of all,
10、比较中的倍数描述
1) The students of Class A are twice as many as that of Class B.
2) Class A has twice as many students as Class B.
3) There are twice as many students in Class A as that of Class B.
4) The figures in terms of the daily calorie supply per head and life expectancy at birth in
图表练习中的连接词/常难句
1、 During the first quarter, Company A’s profit decreased slightly from $7,000 to $6,000, but rose sharply to $8,000 by the end of September.
2、 Company A’s profit fell dramatically during the second quarter from $8,000 to only $1,000, whereas that of Company B continued to rise, peaking at over $6,000 by the end of December.
3、 In the third quarter, Company A’s profit increased steadily to $2,000 and then remained stable, while Company B’s profit fluctuated between $6,000 and $4,000.
4、 The profit of both Company A and Company B gradually increased to $4,000 and $6,000 respectively.
5、 From the point until the mid-1970s, the number increased slowly, with some fluctuations, to over 700.
6、 In managerial positions, there are most males than females (70% and 30% respectively).
7、 The highest percentage of men, which was approximately 70%, was in managerial positions.
8、 The biggest difference between the two sexes is in managerial positions, where males make up 70% and females just account for 30%.
9、 The number increased until 1990, when approximately one out of every four persons owned a car.
练习题目：
句型与文章
范文分析1：
Topic: Nowadays, more and more children are becoming obese. Give possible reasons and suggestions.
Unlike those living in poor countries, many children, in other parts of the world, are being bothered by a sensitive problem: obesity, as a result of living standard improved. A recent survey conducted shows that it has become an epidemic, as the number of obese children is keeping alarmingly rising. In fact, it is really significant to find the reasons and figure out it in some ways.
Geneticists tell gene has a strong link with obesity. And evidences show that the weight of a child is related to that of his or her parents, according to a most recently medical report. In other words, a child is more likely to be obese if one of his or her parents holds the kind of gene with obesity.
Are genetic reasons sole explanation? Actually, other factors must be at work. Overeating is something which can be noticed. Afraid that their kids might suffer from starvation and poor health, some parents intend to allow them to eat as much as they can, without any restriction. What’s worse, five or six meals for a kid are not unseen.
Not only is what kids eat a big problem, but also the matter of eating style and lifestyle. With the popularity of fast foods, kids seem to be addicted to this sort of. And even they prefer to eat them while watching TV or surfing on the Internet. In fact, they not merely eat dunk food (high calorie without nutrition), but also are short of appropriate physical exercises. Especially, nutritionists warn that they are most possible to suffer from more terrifying diseases such as, diabetes at their early ages, if kids still keep the current habits of eating and living unchanged.
Based on the side effects of obesity aroused, solutions to the problem must be discovered as soon as possible. Indeed, doctors try their best to develop and research the drugs which can be used to relieve obesity. Certainly, no matter how hard they work; the all-important element of controlling the situation is sufficient physical exercises and diet adjustment to a good level. (347 words)
请在文章中画出下述这三种句子类型的语句。（至少一种一句）
1、陈述句（描述现状）
2、疑问句（引题、过渡、反问强调观点）
3、倒装句
范文分析2：